The Willamette River Basin's climate of cool, wet winters and warm, dry summers is mitigated by the effects of the two bordering mountain ranges. The relatively low Coast Range moderates the marine climate and creates a rain shadow in the western part of the Willamette River Basin. On it eastern boundary the topographic effects of the Cascades produce sharp temperature and precipitation gradients in the foothills and mountains. While the Oregon coast experiences frequent summer fog, the Willamette River Basin tends to be relatively hot and sunny from July through September, with summer rainfall comprising 5% of the annual average total.
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